Lake Almanor

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Lake name:: Lake Almanor
Location:: California
Latitude:: 40.174792
Longitude:: -121.087815
Surface area (km2):: 102.9
Basin type:: reservoir
Dam completion date:: 1927
Primary emergent vegetation:: Depends on water levels: Willow (Salix spp.) cattails (Typha spp.) pondweed (Potamogeton spp.)
Primary vegetation for nesting:: Depends on water levels: Willow (Salix spp.) cattail (Typha spp.) pondweed (Potamogeton spp.) in open water ~70 m from shore with pondweeds (P. nodosus P. crispus P. pectinatus)
Management agency:: Pacific Gas and Electric Company (PG&E)
Lake use:: irrigation hydroelectricity
Region associations:: Lassen National Forest; Lassen Volcanic National Park; Plumas National Forest; Lake Almanor Basin
Comments:: Lake Almanor is one of the largest reservoirs in California and a popular lake for fishing and recreation. It was constructed by Pacific Gas and Electric (PG&E) to generate hydropower. There is a diversity of wildlife habitat in the surrounding region as Lassen National Forest, Lassen Volcanic National Park, and Plumas National Forest are adjacent to the lake. See survey data footnote for more information. Kyle et al. (2015) states that Lake Almanor is the 4th most important grebe breeding lake in CA. Ivey (2004) states this lake has 12.0% of the nests and represents 5.4% of the grebes of the Intermountain West (Ivey and Herziger in prep.). Nearly total failure of the colonies due to low water levels in 2002. Biggest threat is water level drawdown partially due to generating power.

Summary of Surveys (13)

Survey Citation:
Kyle, K., D. Arsenault, N. Lunder, M. Waits, F. Hayes, S. Overlock, J. Patten, and R. Martin. 2013. Conservation of Aechmophorus grebe colonies at six northern California lakes. Final report. Oakland, California, USA.

Type
shore; boat; air
Time period
June 2010, October 2013
Source
Report
Both Western and Clarks?
Y

Count Type	Range	Max	Year
Max Adults	>1000	5209	2013
Most Recent Adults	>1000	5209	2013
Max Nests	>1000	3163	2013
Most Recent Nests	>1000	3163	2013
Max Chicks	>1000	1160	2011
Most Recent Chicks	501 to 1000	695	2011

Comments:

4th most important grebe breeding lake in CA. Biggest threat is water level drawdown partially due to generating power. Nest initiation (started June 1), nest monitoring, and disturbance surveys were weekly. Average of 65 surveys per year on the 6 lakes for adult grebes, nest attempts and young. One to two brood surveys per month starting mid-July to October. For adult count number, "All surveys include the grand total of adults counted on the lake" - not sure what that means. WEGR and CLGR were distinguished if possible but no breakdown in the data reported. Aerial survey for presence/absence but not widely used for Eagle Lake and Lake Almanor. Water drawn down for power and other needs so water management is considered more erratic than the other lakes. Plumas Audubon preparing report to PG&E in 2014 demonstrating how water level changes impact grebe nesting and can be considered "taking" of the protected species. It is an Important Bird Area (IBA).

Survey Citation:
Arsenault, D. 2015. Audubon's Aechmophorus grebe conservation project comprehensive monitoring report: 2010-2014. Final report. Plumas Audubon Society, Plumas and Lassen Counties, California, USA.

Type
shore; boat
Time period
June 2010, September 2014
Source
Report
Both Western and Clarks?
Y

Count Type	Range	Max	Year
Max Adults	>1000	5209	2013
Most Recent Adults	>1000	5137	2014
Max Nests	>1000	3163	2013
Most Recent Nests	>1000	2598	2014
Max Chicks	>1000	1160	2011
Most Recent Chicks	501 to 1000	506	2014

Comments:

See Kyle et al. 2013 for survey methods. 2 population/brood surveys per year. States that primary factor of reproductive success is the rate of water drawdown during the breeding season. Water level change within and amongst years was greatest at this lake. If water level drops greater than 0,06 (0.72") per day from June 25 to September 15, adult to juvenile ratio is <0.5, resulting in eventual population decline. This report postulates that grebes are drawn to this lake due to fish prey (mostly pond smelt) and abundant breeding habitat at all water levels (~4,478 to 4,493 feet from June to September 15, 2010 to 2014). The lake then acts as an ecological trap due to the rate of water drop. Compared 2010 to 2013 data with that reported in Kyle 2013 and there were a couple of discrepencies (Kyle's report had 926 nests and 577 estimated young in 2012) but these were neither minimum, maximum nor recent counts for this entry. Entered Table 4 only but the adult #s were late season counts in September or October. Therefore may need to rethink whether to enter earlier survey #s than these and recalculate reproductive rate. Some of these adult numbers might have captured migration. Kyle's report didn't have this breakdown of adult #s per survey date in the season. In 2013, this lake had the most nests out of any of the studied lakes for all observed years but the young produced that year was like that of 2011 (with only 20% of the number of nests). Water elevation data available at California Department of Water Resources (DWR) California Data Exchange Center (http://cdec.water.ca.gov/cgi-progs/mapper).

Survey Citation:
Loggins, D. 2015. Conservation of Aechmophorus grebe colonies at six northern California lakes. Semi-annual financial and programmatic report. Audubon California, Sacramento, California, USA.

Type
shore; boat
Time period
N/A
Source
Report
Both Western and Clarks?
N/A

Count Type	Range	Max	Year
Max Adults	>1000	7743	2015
Most Recent Adults	>1000	7743	2015
Max Nests	N/A	N/A	N/A
Most Recent Nests	N/A	N/A	N/A
Max Chicks	N/A	N/A	N/A
Most Recent Chicks	N/A	N/A	N/A

Comments:

No brood nor nest numbers but reproductive rate was given. Water level drop was the 2nd fastest in 6 years and reproduction showed a strong correlation between rate of water level drop and nesting success. Storms and high wind in July also impacted nesting success. 2015 was also 3rd lowest reproductive rate in last 6 years though there were 7743 adults counted at this lake. Modified Gericke et al. (2006) protocol similar to the last five breeding seasons and included nest initiation surveys (weekly), nest monitoring surveys, disturbance surveys (weekly), and population and brood surveys (1-2 times a month until October). No info on timing or surveys.

Survey Citation:
Ackerman, J. T., C. A. Hartman, C. A. Eagles-Smith, M. P. Herzog, J. Davis, G. Ichikawa, and A. Bonnema. 2015. Estimating mercury exposure of piscivorous birds and sport fish using prey fish monitoring. Environmental Science & Technology 49:13596–13604.

Type
boat
Time period
April 2012, October 2013
Source
Peer-reviewed
Both Western and Clarks?
N/A

Count Type	Range	Max	Year
Max Adults	1 to 100	presence	2012
Most Recent Adults	1 to 100	presence	2012
Max Nests	N/A	N/A	N/A
Most Recent Nests	N/A	N/A	N/A
Max Chicks	N/A	N/A	N/A
Most Recent Chicks	N/A	N/A	N/A

Comments:

Not a survey but grebes were sampled at 25 lakes in CA from April to October of 2012 (13 lakes) and 2013 (12 lakes). An average of 14 grebes per lake (from 2 to 38 grebes) were captured at night with night-lights. No breakdown of actual numbers captured per lake was provided. Morphometry and molt data, along with blood was collected from each bird for mercury analysis, and sex determination via genetic analysis. From 7 out of the 25 lakes, an average of 14 grebe eggs (from 6 to 23 eggs) were collected. An egg from each randomly sampled nest was collected either from an active nest (random egg) or from an abandoned nest (abandoned egg). Prey fish and sport fish were also sampled an average of 11 days after grebe sampling. At Lake Almanor, all tissues were collected in 2012 (Figure SI). 354 grebes were captured total from the 25 lakes, 71% were Western grebes, 29% were Clark's, 48% were female, 52% were male. 101 grebe eggs were collected from 7 lakes, of which 62% were Western grebes, 15% were Clark's grebes, 23% were unidentified which. Grebe blood, eggs, and sport fish mercury concentrations were strongly correlated to mercury concentrations in prey fish at the lakes. Grebe mercury concentrations were also strongly correlated with sport fish mercury concentrations. This study showed that prey fish monitoring can estimate mercury exposure of grebes and other piscivorous birds if these birds can't be sampled directly.

Survey Citation:
Ivey, G. L. 2004. Conservation assessment and management plan for breeding Western and Clark’s Grebes in California. Unpublished technical report. American Trader Trustee Council, California. . Accessed 15 January 2020.

Time period
1992, 1997
Source
Conservation Assessment, Management Plan
Both Western and Clarks?
N/A

Count Type	Range	Max	Year
Max Adults	1 to 100	presence	1992, 1995-1997
Most Recent Adults	1 to 100	presence	1997
Max Nests	101 to 500	500	1992
Most Recent Nests	1 to 100	43	1997
Max Chicks	N/A	N/A	N/A
Most Recent Chicks	N/A	N/A	N/A

Comments:

This entry to capture historical record of breeding grebes in CA prior to 2002. There were 500 nests in 1992 (L. Neel, pers. comm.), 0 nests in 1995-1996, and 43 nests in 1997 (Shaw 1998). Small 1994 considered it a major area.

Survey Citation:
Ivey, G. L. 2004. Conservation assessment and management plan for breeding Western and Clark’s Grebes in California. Unpublished technical report. American Trader Trustee Council, California. . Accessed 15 January 2020.

Type
shore; boat; air
Time period
28 August 2002, 11 October 2003
Source
Conservation Assessment, Management Plan
Both Western and Clarks?
Y

Count Type	Range	Max	Year
Max Adults	>1000	1003	2003
Most Recent Adults	>1000	1003	2003
Max Nests	501 to 1000	850	2002
Most Recent Nests	101 to 500	440	2003
Max Chicks	101 to 500	101	2003
Most Recent Chicks	101 to 500	101	2003

Comments:

2002 field surveys were limited to August 28 (850). The 2003 surveys on Lake Almanor included aircraft, shore scoping, and brood surveys by boat/canoe (half of lake). Table 3 population estimate is the # of nests (440) x 2 for 880. However, the actual adult count of 1003 is entered here. This lake is the 4th most important of the selected sites with 12.0% of the nests and represents 5.4% of the grebes of the Intermountain West (Ivey and Herziger in prep.). Nearly total failure of the colonies due to low water levels. 850 nests were counted at the first visit on August 23, 2002 but on October 11, most of those nests were stranded on shore and only some chicks were observed. Water levels dropped 0.79 m (Project 2105 Committee 2003). Similarly in 2003, water levels dropped 1.25 m. Nests were active and being built on August 17, 2003,, but on September 21, nests were stranded on shore and depredated.

Survey Citation:
Rickard, A. 2017. Conservation of Aechmophorus grebe colonies at six northern California lakes. Interim report for year three submitted to the National Fish and Wildlife Foundation October 31st, 2017. Audubon California, San Francisco, California.

Time period
2017
Source
Report
Both Western and Clarks?
Y

Count Type	Range	Max	Year
Max Adults	>1000	3008	2017
Most Recent Adults	>1000	3008	2017
Max Nests	>1000	1254	2017
Most Recent Nests	>1000	1254	2017
Max Chicks	501 to 1000	906	2017
Most Recent Chicks	501 to 1000	906	2017

Comments:

Plumas Audubon is investigating the impact a PG & E management plan that moderates water drawdown rates during the breeding season have on nest success. No information on when survey(s) took place nor what methods in 2017. No information on species numbers between Western and Clark's grebes. Total # of adults was the lowest compared to the past five years (average of 4716 adults from 2012 to 2016).

Survey Citation:
Robison, K., R. Weems, and D. Anderson. 2008. Western and Clark's Grebe conservation and management in California. Annual report for year three (2007). Report for American Trader and Kure/ Stuyvesant Trustee Councils and National Fish and Wildlife Foundation, California.

Type
shore
Time period
15 July 2007, 26 August 2007
Source
Report
Both Western and Clarks?
Y

Count Type	Range	Max	Year
Max Adults	>1000	1000	2007
Most Recent Adults	501 to 1000	1000	2007
Max Nests	101 to 500	500	2007
Most Recent Nests	101 to 500	500	2007
Max Chicks	N/A	N/A	N/A
Most Recent Chicks	N/A	N/A	N/A

Comments:

This was a partial survey. On August 26, the adult numbers was estimated from doubling the number of nests. Chicks were not readily counted so nests were counted. Low water levels stranded about 125 nests on land after the first visit. By the second visit, water level and nesting efforts recovered. Subsequent reports have their own entries.

Survey Citation:
Robison, K., R. Weems, and D. Anderson. 2008. Western and Clark's Grebe conservation and management in California. Annual report for year four (2008). Report for American Trader and Kure/ Stuyvesant Trustee Councils and National Fish and Wildlife Foundation, California.

Type
shore
Time period
2008
Source
Report
Both Western and Clarks?
Y

Count Type	Range	Max	Year
Max Adults	>1000	1350	2008
Most Recent Adults	>1000	1350	2008
Max Nests	101 to 500	>=450	2008
Most Recent Nests	101 to 500	>=450	2008
Max Chicks	1 to 100	8	2008
Most Recent Chicks	1 to 100	8	2008

Comments:

Data from Table 3. Date of surveys not provided. Productivity rate from # of adults in sample and # of young in sample. Estimated total # of adults is entered here. Water level drawdown threatens nest success and may have stranded 80 nests in an October survey. However, the shallow water and dense vegetation limits boat disturbance. No other information provided. Subsequent reports have their own entries.

Survey Citation:
Robison, K., R. Weems, D. Anderson, and F. Gress. 2010. Western and Clark's Grebe conservation and management in California. Annual report (2009). Report for California Institute of Environmental Studies, Davis, California.

Type
shore; air
Time period
16 June 2009, 24 October 2009
Source
Report
Both Western and Clarks?
Y

Count Type	Range	Max	Year
Max Adults	>1000	3800	2009
Most Recent Adults	>1000	1000-1500	2009
Max Nests	501 to 1000	569	2009
Most Recent Nests	501 to 1000	569	2009
Max Chicks	N/A	N/A	N/A
Most Recent Chicks	N/A	N/A	N/A

Comments:

Data from Table 1. Using estimated total number of nests from the narrative because different colonies are surveyed on different days. There is no chick # but productivity is 0.14 as average for two survey dates. There were 100 stranded nests. Water level drawdown for power generation makes this site quite variable compared to other sites. At early part of nesting season, nesting habitat is limited until water is drawndown. However, there is a level to which water level is optimal for nesting (approximately 4480 feet). The gradual slope of the lake edge creates a delicate balance for water levels to support optimal nesting habitat versus nest stranding.

Survey Citation:
Arsenault, D. 2015. Audubon's Aechmophorus grebe conservation project comprehensive monitoring report: 2010-2014. Final report. Plumas Audubon Society, Plumas and Lassen Counties, California, USA.

Time period
1980, 1986
Source
Report
Both Western and Clarks?
Y

Count Type	Range	Max	Year
Max Adults	>1000	>=1000	1983
Most Recent Adults	>1000	>=1000	1983
Max Nests	501 to 1000	567	1984
Most Recent Nests	101 to 500	445	1986
Max Chicks	N/A	N/A	N/A
Most Recent Chicks	N/A	N/A	N/A

Comments:

This entry to capture historic data from Attachment A and B. Dan Airola's sequence of surveys from 1980 to 1986 (skips 1985) is not sourced from anywhere else and no further details. Other historic data from these attachments have already been entered from their data source and I didn't re-enter them here.

Survey Citation:
Plumas Audubon Society. 2016. Audubon’s Aechmophorus grebe conservation project comprehensive monitoring report: 2010-2016 Almanor, Antelope, Davis, and Eagle Lakes, Plumas and Lassen Counties, California.

Type
shore; boat
Time period
2010, 2016
Source
Report
Both Western and Clarks?
Y

Count Type	Range	Max	Year
Max Adults	>1000	4457	2016
Most Recent Adults	>1000	4457	2016
Max Nests	>1000	2537	2015
Most Recent Nests	>1000	1090	2016
Max Chicks	501 to 1000	984	2015
Most Recent Chicks	101 to 500	181	2016

Comments:

This entry is for the newest data of 2015 and 2016 because previous years' data is re-reported and already entered. Grebe nest success greatly influenced by rate of water drop and recommentaions were for <0.72"/day from 25 June to 15 September as a pilot project with Pacific Gas and Electric (PG&E) but the complexities of water management and water obligations were challenging. Therefore, recommendations were modified to <0.84"/day from 1 July to 31 August, restricting boat access, and studying fish populations in the lake. It is believed that grebes started nesting there after pond smelt, a species native to Japan, was introduced there in 1972 and 1979. However, long-time residents there report seeing grebes nesting there starting in the 1950s. Disturbance and camera surveys were conducted at Lake Almanor to provide a fuller picture of issues impacting grebes. Water elevation changes were the largest at Lake Almanor compared to the other lakes in this report. Water drawdown was at a rate of -0.78 inches/day. This lake had the least reproductive success of the lakes in this report but the large numbers of breeding adults resulted in some chicks being produced. Available fish and nesting habitat seem to be key in attracting large numbers of grebes to this lake. Observer for these two new years was Arsenault. Adult number counts reported in this report is the average of survey totals.

Survey Citation:
Loggins, D. 2016. Conservation of Aechmophorus grebe colonies at six northern California lakes: final financial and programmatic report for year one. Audubon California, Sacramento, California, USA.

Time period
2015
Source
Report
Both Western and Clarks?
Y

Count Type	Range	Max	Year
Max Adults	>1000	7743	2015
Most Recent Adults	>1000	7743	2015
Max Nests	>1000	~2500	2015
Most Recent Nests	>1000	~2500	2015
Max Chicks	N/A	?	2015
Most Recent Chicks	N/A	?	2015

Comments:

Water was the 2nd fastest rate lowered of the six study lakes. Plumas Audubon maintains a relationship with Pacific Gas and Electric (PG&E). Nests were described as mostly unsuccessful but no number was given. Uncertain why the difference in survey numbers reported here and the ones reported in the Plumas Audubon report for the same year. For the six lakes studied, 2015 was the fourth year of severe drought and nest success was not high.

Sources of Information

Ivey, G. L., 2004. Conservation Assessment and Management Plan for Breeding Western and Clark’s Grebes in California. 89.
Lehner, B., C. Reidy Liermann, C. Revenga, C. Vorosmarty, B. Fekete, P. Crouzet, P. Doll, M. Endejan, K. Frenken, J. Magome, C. Nilsson, J.C. Robertson, R. Rodel, N. Sindorf, and D. Wisser. 2011. Global Reservoir and Dam Database, Version 1 (GRanDv1): Dams, Revision 01. Palisades, New York: NASA Socioeconomic Data and Applications Center (SEDAC).
Plumas Audubon Society. 2016. Audubon’s Aechmophorus Grebe Conservation Project Comprehensive Monitoring Report: 2010-2016 Almanor, Antelope, Davis, and Eagle Lakes, Plumas and Lassen Counties, California.
Blank, check what this was in Working Master Database
Lake Almanor Information
Explore Important Bird Areas (IBA) Interactive Map
Geographic Names Information System (GNIS)

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Lake Almanor

Summary of Surveys (13)

Survey Citation: Kyle, K., D. Arsenault, N. Lunder, M. Waits, F. Hayes, S. Overlock, J. Patten, and R. Martin. 2013. Conservation of Aechmophorus grebe colonies at six northern California lakes. Final report. Oakland, California, USA.

Comments:

Survey Citation: Arsenault, D. 2015. Audubon's Aechmophorus grebe conservation project comprehensive monitoring report: 2010-2014. Final report. Plumas Audubon Society, Plumas and Lassen Counties, California, USA.

Comments:

Survey Citation: Loggins, D. 2015. Conservation of Aechmophorus grebe colonies at six northern California lakes. Semi-annual financial and programmatic report. Audubon California, Sacramento, California, USA.

Comments:

Survey Citation: Ackerman, J. T., C. A. Hartman, C. A. Eagles-Smith, M. P. Herzog, J. Davis, G. Ichikawa, and A. Bonnema. 2015. Estimating mercury exposure of piscivorous birds and sport fish using prey fish monitoring. Environmental Science & Technology 49:13596–13604.

Comments:

Survey Citation: Ivey, G. L. 2004. Conservation assessment and management plan for breeding Western and Clark’s Grebes in California. Unpublished technical report. American Trader Trustee Council, California. . Accessed 15 January 2020.

Comments:

Survey Citation: Ivey, G. L. 2004. Conservation assessment and management plan for breeding Western and Clark’s Grebes in California. Unpublished technical report. American Trader Trustee Council, California. . Accessed 15 January 2020.

Comments:

Survey Citation: Rickard, A. 2017. Conservation of Aechmophorus grebe colonies at six northern California lakes. Interim report for year three submitted to the National Fish and Wildlife Foundation October 31st, 2017. Audubon California, San Francisco, California.

Comments:

Survey Citation: Robison, K., R. Weems, and D. Anderson. 2008. Western and Clark's Grebe conservation and management in California. Annual report for year three (2007). Report for American Trader and Kure/ Stuyvesant Trustee Councils and National Fish and Wildlife Foundation, California.

Comments:

Survey Citation: Robison, K., R. Weems, and D. Anderson. 2008. Western and Clark's Grebe conservation and management in California. Annual report for year four (2008). Report for American Trader and Kure/ Stuyvesant Trustee Councils and National Fish and Wildlife Foundation, California.

Comments:

Survey Citation: Robison, K., R. Weems, D. Anderson, and F. Gress. 2010. Western and Clark's Grebe conservation and management in California. Annual report (2009). Report for California Institute of Environmental Studies, Davis, California.

Comments:

Survey Citation: Arsenault, D. 2015. Audubon's Aechmophorus grebe conservation project comprehensive monitoring report: 2010-2014. Final report. Plumas Audubon Society, Plumas and Lassen Counties, California, USA.

Comments:

Survey Citation: Plumas Audubon Society. 2016. Audubon’s Aechmophorus grebe conservation project comprehensive monitoring report: 2010-2016 Almanor, Antelope, Davis, and Eagle Lakes, Plumas and Lassen Counties, California.

Comments:

Survey Citation: Loggins, D. 2016. Conservation of Aechmophorus grebe colonies at six northern California lakes: final financial and programmatic report for year one. Audubon California, Sacramento, California, USA.

Comments:

Sources of Information

Survey Citation:
Kyle, K., D. Arsenault, N. Lunder, M. Waits, F. Hayes, S. Overlock, J. Patten, and R. Martin. 2013. Conservation of Aechmophorus grebe colonies at six northern California lakes. Final report. Oakland, California, USA.

Survey Citation:
Arsenault, D. 2015. Audubon's Aechmophorus grebe conservation project comprehensive monitoring report: 2010-2014. Final report. Plumas Audubon Society, Plumas and Lassen Counties, California, USA.

Survey Citation:
Loggins, D. 2015. Conservation of Aechmophorus grebe colonies at six northern California lakes. Semi-annual financial and programmatic report. Audubon California, Sacramento, California, USA.

Survey Citation:
Ackerman, J. T., C. A. Hartman, C. A. Eagles-Smith, M. P. Herzog, J. Davis, G. Ichikawa, and A. Bonnema. 2015. Estimating mercury exposure of piscivorous birds and sport fish using prey fish monitoring. Environmental Science & Technology 49:13596–13604.

Survey Citation:
Ivey, G. L. 2004. Conservation assessment and management plan for breeding Western and Clark’s Grebes in California. Unpublished technical report. American Trader Trustee Council, California. . Accessed 15 January 2020.

Survey Citation:
Ivey, G. L. 2004. Conservation assessment and management plan for breeding Western and Clark’s Grebes in California. Unpublished technical report. American Trader Trustee Council, California. . Accessed 15 January 2020.

Survey Citation:
Rickard, A. 2017. Conservation of Aechmophorus grebe colonies at six northern California lakes. Interim report for year three submitted to the National Fish and Wildlife Foundation October 31st, 2017. Audubon California, San Francisco, California.

Survey Citation:
Robison, K., R. Weems, and D. Anderson. 2008. Western and Clark's Grebe conservation and management in California. Annual report for year three (2007). Report for American Trader and Kure/ Stuyvesant Trustee Councils and National Fish and Wildlife Foundation, California.

Survey Citation:
Robison, K., R. Weems, and D. Anderson. 2008. Western and Clark's Grebe conservation and management in California. Annual report for year four (2008). Report for American Trader and Kure/ Stuyvesant Trustee Councils and National Fish and Wildlife Foundation, California.

Survey Citation:
Robison, K., R. Weems, D. Anderson, and F. Gress. 2010. Western and Clark's Grebe conservation and management in California. Annual report (2009). Report for California Institute of Environmental Studies, Davis, California.

Survey Citation:
Arsenault, D. 2015. Audubon's Aechmophorus grebe conservation project comprehensive monitoring report: 2010-2014. Final report. Plumas Audubon Society, Plumas and Lassen Counties, California, USA.

Survey Citation:
Plumas Audubon Society. 2016. Audubon’s Aechmophorus grebe conservation project comprehensive monitoring report: 2010-2016 Almanor, Antelope, Davis, and Eagle Lakes, Plumas and Lassen Counties, California.

Survey Citation:
Loggins, D. 2016. Conservation of Aechmophorus grebe colonies at six northern California lakes: final financial and programmatic report for year one. Audubon California, Sacramento, California, USA.