Make, Believe
Foreign Interest and American Identities in the Inland Empire
Andrew Weymouth
Image Credits
Make, Believe
Foreign Interest and American Identities in the Inland Empire | Andrew Weymouth
Image Credits

Image Credits

  • A newspaper page with the headline
    “Article on Dutch Settlement in Springdale.” Spokane Chronicle (Spokane, WA), August 17, 1913, p. 8.
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  • A group of people dressed in costumes stand on a float shaped like a boat with circular shields. The float has a sign that reads
    “Bound for Wineland.” TPL-4135, Northwest Room, Spokane Public Library, Spokane, WA, April 17, 1895.
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  • Two men in a room with painted wall decorations showing horses and a carriage. One man is wearing a hat and holding a brush, while the other stands near a table. The room contains a ladder and various paint supplies.
    “Circus Room Mural.” Northwest Room, Spokane Public Library, 1935. [Accessed January 24, 2026. https://lange.spokanelibrary.org/items/show/2726.]
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  • A wide street lined with wooden buildings stretches into the distance. On the left, a building with
    “Colville, Washington.” Spokane Public Library, Spokane, WA, 1900. [Accessed February 26, 2026. https://lange.spokanelibrary.org/items/show/4636.]
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  • A detailed street map showing a grid layout with highlighted sections in red. Key street names include Riverside Avenue, Sprague Avenue, Main Avenue, and Trent Avenue. The Spokane River is marked, and several train yards and railway lines are shown. The map contains various numbered plots, with some areas shaded in red, likely indicating significant areas or properties.
    “County Deed Records, 1893–97.” Hypotheekbank Property Ownership Noted on Business District Map of Spokane. From 1925 Map, Spokane City Engineer. 1925.
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  • A bearded man in a suit with a bow tie, shown in an oval frame, looking to the left.
    “E. F. Cartier Van Dissel.” New York Public Library, Digital Collections, 1902. [Accessed June 15, 2024. https://archive.org/details/menofpacificcoas00sanf.]
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  • A man with a mustache and beard is wearing a double-breasted coat and a high-collared shirt, looking to the side.
    “Herman Antonie Van Valkenburg.” Northwestern and Pacific Hypotheek Bank Records, General Operations (Two or More Companies), Box 11, Folder 9, Eastern Washington State Historical Society (Northwest Museum of Arts and Culture), Spokane, WA, 1890. https: //archiveswest.orbiscascade.org/ark: 80444/xv314396.
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  • A map labeled
    “Illustration of South African Dutch Colonial Interests.” David Rumsey Historical Map Collection, 1890.
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  • An ornate interior with tall green marble columns, decorative ceiling details, and multiple hanging light fixtures. There is a central wooden table in the middle of the space. The surrounding area has teller windows with dark frames. The text reads:
    “Interior Old National Bank.” Postcard Collection. Spokane Public Library, Spokane, Washington, 1910.
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  • A decorative arch features a scene with a person sitting and engaging with a child who is sitting on the ground. Behind them is a bundle of wheat. The arch is adorned with ornamental patterns and the text
    “Lunette Decorations in the Old National Bank, Detail.” Ephemera Collection. Eastern Washington State Historical Society. Northwest Museum of Arts and Culture, Spokane, WA, 1908-09.
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  • Lunette decorations featuring artistic figures in the Old National Bank, Spokane. Below, an interior view of the banking room displays an ornate dome ceiling, walls with decorative arches, and a central statue. The architect is L. L. Rand. The text indicates the source as The Western Architect, September 1908.
    “Lunette Decorations in the Old National Bank.” Ephemera Collection. Eastern Washington State Historical Society. Northwest Museum of Arts and Culture, Spokane, WA, September 1908.
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  • A collage of architectural images including several buildings and a bridge. Text at the top reads,
    “Souvenir Card, Spokane, Washington, 1899.” Postcard Collection. Spokane Public Library, Spokane, Washington, 1899.
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  • A scene of destruction with debris scattered across the ground. In the background are several tents, one with a sign that reads
    “Spokane Fire, 1889 (#14).” Teakle Collection. Northwest Room. Spokane Public Library, Spokane, WA, August 5, 1889. [Accessed February 23, 2026. https://lange.spokanelibrary.org/items/show/1203.]
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  • A parade scene on a city street with a crowd of people gathered on the left, including children and adults. Banners and flags are strung overhead. A person on stilts is visible in the middle, and a marching band with instruments like saxophones and trumpets can be seen coming down the street. Buildings line both sides of the street, with some signs visible, including
    “Spokane Pow Wow Parade.” E.T. Hawk Photograph Collection. Eastern Washington University Archives, John F. Kennedy Memorial Library, Cheney, WA, 1910.
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  • A newspaper page titled
    “Spokane, the Playground of the Nation.” Koninklijke Bibliotheek. Delpher, Amsterdam, January 31, 1931. [Accessed December 3, 2025. https://www.delpher.nl/.]
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  • A large industrial site with a building labeled
    “The ‘Sawmill Phoenix.’” Oversized Photo Collection, Northwest Room, Spokane Public Library, Spokane, Washington, 1892.
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  • A man with a mustache and a short beard is shown wearing a suit jacket, a white shirt, and a dark tie. He has short, neatly combed hair and is looking slightly to the side.
    “Thomas G. Thomson.” Miscellaneous Photos, nod., Northwestern and Pacific Hypotheek Bank Records, General Operations (Two or More Companies), Box 11, Folder 9, Eastern Washington State Historical Society (Northwest Museum of Arts and Culture), Spokane, WA, 1900. https://archiveswest.orbiscascade.org/ark:/80444/xv314396.
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  • A group of eleven men sit and stand closely together in a room, holding various musical instruments such as trombones, violins, a clarinet, a trumpet, and a drum. Most are dressed in suits with bow ties or ties. A curtain and wall decorations are visible in the background.
    “Travelling Musicians in Spokane.” Northwestern and Pacific Hypotheek Bank Records, General Operations (Two or More Companies), Box 11, Folder 9, Eastern Washington State Historical Society (Northwest Museum of Arts and Culture), Spokane, WA, 1910. https://archiveswest.orbiscascade.org/ark:/80444/xv314396.
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  • A promotional illustration for
    Adams, H.M. “Valley View Addition.” Charles Woodruff Clarke Papers, 1866-1933. Eastern Washington State Historical Society (Northwest Museum of Arts and Culture), Spokane, WA, 1915.
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  • A large building with a red roof and arches, featuring multiple stories and windows. The text reads
    Adolph Selige Publishing Company. “Spokane Athletic Club.” Postcard Collection, Spokane Public Library, Spokane, Washington, 1907. [Accessed January 24, 2026. https://lange.spokanelibrary.org/items/show/5185.]
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  • A storefront with a sign reading
    Akashi, Ryosuke. “Oriental Baths and Laundry.” Joel E. Ferris Research Archives, Northwest Museum of Arts and Culture, Spokane, WA, 1913. Accessed January 24, 2026. https://lange.spokanelibrary.org/items/show/5985.
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  • A collection of four artistic illustrations, each with its own theme: 1. A view of Cape Town with a map labeled
    Arbuckle Brothers. “Dutch Colonial Interests.” David Rumsey Historical Map Collection, 1890.
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  • A decorative page featuring text reading
    Brisley, Fred C. “New Year’s Greetings.” Inland Northwest Special Collections, Spokane Public Library, Spokane, WA, January 1892.
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  • A box labeled
    Centennial Mill Company. “Injured Innocence, Detail.” Ephemera Collection. Eastern Washington State Historical Society, Northwest Museum of Arts and Culture, Spokane, WA, 1910.
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  • A woman in a white and pink dress is in a kitchen, stirring a barrel with a spoon. A young boy peeks from behind the barrel. On the left, a dog sits near a broken jar labeled
    Centennial Mill Company. “Injured Innocence.” Ephemera Collection. Eastern Washington State Historical Society, Northwest Museum of Arts and Culture, Spokane, WA, 1910.
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  • A decorative tin featuring an illustration of a windmill by a waterway under a moonlit sky. The border is adorned with intricate floral patterns. Text at the bottom reads
    Cocoamill de Zaanstroom. “Dutch Cocoa Powder Tin.” Artifacts Collection. Northwest Museum of Arts and Culture, Spokane, WA, 1900.
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  • Group of people next to a wooden cabinet with decorative plates. Each holds a musical instrument, including an accordion, trumpet, and guitar. Text reads,
    Coeur d’Alene Hotel. “Songs as Sung at the Dutch Mill.” Jerome Peltier Archive of Spokane Area History, 1934–2004. MsSC 5753. Eastern Washington State Historical Society (Northwest Museum of Arts and Culture), Spokane, WA, 1940.
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  • A historical mural depicting a scene from the era of the Monroe Doctrine in 1823. Several men in 19th-century attire are gathered around a table with one man pointing at a globe. To the left, a military figure stands with a sword and another person stands beneath a palm tree. To the right, two men in traditional attire carry rifles. Below the mural reads,
    Cox, Allyn. “The Monroe Doctrine, 1823.” Photograph by Architect of the Capitol, October 12, 2011. Accessed June 15, 2024. https://www.aoc.gov.
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  • Two men standing on a rocky outcrop, one pointing, with a few houses and trees in the background. On an adjacent rock, a person sits under an umbrella next to an easel. More houses and a path are visible in the distance.
    Dahlgren, Carl. “Birds Eye View of Spokane, Detail.” Ephemera Collection, Northwest Museum of Arts and Culture (Eastern Washington State Historical Society), Spokane, WA, 1880.
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  • A panoramic view of a town in a valley surrounded by hills and mountains. There are numerous buildings, both large and small, with roads lined with trees. In the foreground, three figures stand on rock formations overlooking the town. The landscape is dotted with additional trees, and there is a mix of open fields and structures.
    Dahlgren, Carl. “Birds Eye View of Spokane.” Ephemera Collection, Northwest Museum of Arts and Culture (Eastern Washington State Historical Society), Spokane, WA, 1880.
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  • A drawing of a man with wings, dressed in a long coat and hat, standing on a pedestal. He holds a corn cob above his head, emitting lines reminiscent of rays. Below, text reads:
    Flyer Flexible. “Advertisement.” Sutton Family Papers, ca. 1884–ca. 1910, MsSC 131. Eastern Washington State Historical Society (Northwest Museum of Arts and Culture), Spokane, WA, January 3, 1894.
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  • A large open-pit mining site with steep rock walls and various mining structures on the edge. Equipment and cables are visible on the site. The text at the bottom reads:
    Foà, Edouard. “Kimberely, Mines de Diamant de Beers.” Special Collections, Getty Research Institute, 1891. [http: //hdl.handle.net/10020/cat340474.]
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  • Two men working inside a mine. One man is sitting and appears to be examining something in his hands, while the other stands and holds a tool. The surrounding walls are rocky. The text at the bottom reads,
    Foà, Edouard. “Travailleurs days les Mines de Diamant.” Views of Africa. Getty Research Institute, Special Collections, 1891. http://hdl.handle.net/10020/cat340474.
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  • Various pieces of ornate jewelry are displayed on a red background. These include brooches, rings, and decorative pins. Intricate designs feature pearls, gold, and gemstones. The top of the image has the text
    Gerlach, Martin. “Die Perle, Chromolithograph Illustration.” Art & Architecture Collection, The Miriam and Ira D. Wallach Division of Art, Prints and Photographs, New York Public Library, 1872.
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  • The image features a Dutch text titled
    Great Northern Railway. “Advertisement for Dutch Settlement in Montana.” Delpher, Roosevelt Study Center, The Heyrman Pub. Co., De Pere, Brown, Wisconsin, October 5, 1910. https://resolver.kb.nl/resolve?urn=ddd:331826631:mpeg21:a0001.
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  • Map depicting the Great Northern Railway and its connections across the northwestern United States and parts of Canada. The map shows railway lines traversing through states like Minnesota, North Dakota, Montana, Washington, and Oregon, as well as parts of British Columbia and Alberta. A red circle is marked on the map. Text on the map includes
    Great Northern Railway. “Great Northern Railway and Connections.” Manuscripts, Archives, and Special Collections, Washington State University Libraries, 1909. [Accessed June 15, 2024. http://content.libraries.wsu.edu/cdm/singleitem/collection/maps/id/548.]
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  • A vintage car is parked on a street, with a sign on the side reading
    Hawk, E.T. “Born Before the Fire.” E.T. Hawk Photograph Collection. Eastern Washington University Archives, John F. Kennedy Memorial Library, Cheney, WA, 1910.
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  • A group of women dressed in elaborate period costumes are parading down a street. They wear long, elegant dresses with large, decorative hats or wigs. Onlookers line the street, and buildings in the background are decorated with flags and banners. A sign in the background reads
    Hawk, E.T. “Marie Antoinettes (1).” E.T. Hawk Photograph Collection. Eastern Washington University Archives, John F. Kennedy Memorial Library, Cheney, WA, 1910.
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  • A parade on a busy street with five people riding horses. Four are in uniform, and one is wearing a headdress. Crowds line both sides of the street, with flags and banners hanging from surrounding buildings. Signs in the background include
    Hawk, E.T. “Raymond E. Bigelow Leading the Pow Wow.” E.T. Hawk Photograph Collection. Eastern Washington University Archives, John F. Kennedy Memorial Library, Cheney, WA, 1913.
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  • A street scene with a parade featuring people carrying banners and lanterns decorated with flowers. A child holding an umbrella walks in the middle of the street. Both sides of the street are lined with spectators, many wearing hats. Buildings in the background have signs reading
    Hawk, E.T. “Spokane Parade Scene.” E.T. Hawk Photograph Collection. Eastern Washington University Archives, John F. Kennedy Memorial Library, Cheney, WA, 1913.
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  • A group of young children dressed in traditional clothing are standing in rows on an open field, each holding a stick above their heads. Some children are wearing pointed hats and their outfits have striped patterns. They appear to be participating in a coordinated activity or performance.
    Hawk, E.T. “The Dance of the Dutch, Detail.” E.T. Hawk Photograph Collection. Eastern Washington University Archives, John F. Kennedy Memorial Library, Cheney, WA, 1913.
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  • A large group of people are gathered in an open area, dressed in uniform outfits, possibly participating in a coordinated event or parade. In the background, there's a hillside with scattered buildings and a large bridge with arches spanning a river. A crowd of spectators is sitting, some holding umbrellas, watching the event. Flags are visible on the bridge.
    Hawk, E.T. “The Dance of the Dutch.” E.T. Hawk Photograph Collection. Eastern Washington University Archives, John F. Kennedy Memorial Library, Cheney, WA, 1913.
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  • Banner for Holland Advertising Co., featuring the text:
    Holland Advertising Company. “Business Card.” Spokane Flour Mill Records, 1903–1948. Eastern Washington State Historical Society (Northwest Museum of Arts and Culture). Spokane, WA, 1910.
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  • An ornate room features a large, intricately carved fireplace with two decorative columns on either side. To the right, there is a curved bookshelf filled with books. A round table with a small decorative item and an open book is positioned at the center of the room, surrounded by elegant chairs. In the background, a potted plant and table with a lamp are visible, along with a curved sofa and additional chairs.
    Hyslop and Westcot Architects. “Library with Classical Iconography.” Inland Empire Architect Collection, Eastern Washington State Historical Society, Northwest Museum of Arts and Culture, Spokane, WA, 1911.
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  • A map depicting a town layout with streets labeled, including Broadway, Bridge St., W. Front St., W. Main St., and W. Riverside Ave. A red shaded area highlights a section of the map, encompassing multiple blocks. The map includes water channels labeled North Channel, Middle Channel, and South Channel, as well as Big Island and sections of land. The title reads
    Hyslop, Robert B. “Spokane Fire, 1889 (#24).” Northwest Room, Spokane Public Library, Spokane, WA, 1982. Accessed January 24, 2026. https: //lange.spokanelibrary.org/items/show/2658.
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  • A fabric banner with fringe at the bottom. Text on the banner reads:
    International Order of Good Templars. “Northern Light, Lodge No. 70.” Sutton Family Papers, ca. 1884- ca. 1910. MsSC 131. Eastern Washington State Historical Society (Northwest Museum of Arts and Culture), Spokane, WA, 1905.
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  • A room with green vertical striped walls and matching curtains. The ceiling is decorated with floral patterns and garlands. There is a white fireplace with ornate details, housing a fire. On the mantelpiece are two red vases and a small object. A framed picture hangs on the wall above the fireplace. The text
    John W. Graham & Co. “Green Fabric Effect Wallpaper.” Andrew T. Amos Papers, 1904–1911, MsSC 11, Eastern Washington State Historical Society, Northwest Museum of Arts and Culture, Spokane, WA, 1910.
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  • A large ship named
    Kiser Photo Company. “SS Great Northern.” Oregon Historical Society Library, Portland, OR, 1915-03-15.
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  • A group of armored figures standing at attention hold spears near a set of wide steps. Another figure in a robe holds scales while seated at the top. Near them, several individuals are engaged in a chase or struggle. Above, a banner with
    Knights of Pythias, Western Star Division, No. 7. “Damon and Pythias Illustration.” Sutton Family Papers, ca. 1884- ca. 1910. MsSC 131. Eastern Washington State Historical Society (Northwest Museum of Arts and Culture), Spokane, WA, January 3, 1894.
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  • A man in a coat and striped pants, labeled Uncle Sam, stands at the entrance of a large gate labeled
    L.A.D. “Uncle Sam Sees the Danger.” Northwest Room, Tacoma Public Library, Tacoma, WA, February 1, 1901. [Accessed June 15, 2024. https://www.tacomalibrary.org/northwest-room.]
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  • A street scene with a parade featuring covered wagons and people on horseback moving along a city thoroughfare. Onlookers, some wearing hats, are gathered on the sidewalk watching the procession. Nearby buildings have awnings and signage, including
    Libby, Charles A. “Frontier Recreation Scene in Parade.” Northwest Room, Spokane Public Library, August 1936. [Accessed January 24, 2026. https://lange.spokanelibrary.org/items/show/2808.]
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  • A person wearing a double-breasted coat and a hat adorned with feathers. The text below reads
    Moore, George N. “Pat Kanim, Snoqualmie Chief.” Museum of History and Industry, Seattle, WA, 1855. [Accessed June 15, 2024. https://mohai.org/.]
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  • A view of a river with strong rapids, flowing past a rocky landscape. On the left, there are several industrial buildings, including a large brick structure with multiple windows. To the right, stacks of lumber are piled on a rocky hill, with a sign nearby that reads
    Morehouse, Lee. “Spokane Falls, Below Power Station.” Major Lee Moorhouse Photographs (PH036), Special Collections and University Archives, University of Oregon Libraries, Eugene, Oregon, 1900. [Accessed June 15, 2024. https://scua.uoregon.edu/repositories/2/resources/3331.]
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  • A busy scene with numerous cartoon characters engaging in various activities outside a building labeled
    Morris, William C. “The Arrival in Spokane.” Adam H. Irving Papers, 1905-1943. Eastern Washington State Historical Society (Northwest Museum of Arts and Culture), Spokane, WA, November 23, 1911.
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  • Document for the
    National Apple Show, Incorporated. “Exposition of Apples.” Spokane Flour Mill Records, 1903–1948. Eastern Washington State Historical Society (Northwest Museum of Arts and Culture), Spokane, WA, November 28, 1908.
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  • An illustration of a scenic landscape featuring a tall tree in the foreground, a rocky mountainside, and a body of water. Behind the water is a range of hills and a sun setting. The text reads
    Northern Pacific Railroad. “Spokane and the Inland Empire.” Inland Automobile Association Records, Archives & Special Collections, Eastern Washington University Libraries, Cheney, WA, 1900.
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  • A map-like illustration showing a grid of streets and buildings. It includes labeled areas such as
    Northwest Industrial Exposition. “Spokane Falls and Her Natural Resources, Detail.” Ephemera Collection, Eastern Washington State Historical Society, Northwest Museum of Arts and Culture, Spokane, WA, 1890.
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  • An illustrated map of Spokane Falls highlighting the town's layout with streets and rivers. The map includes banners pointing to various locations and resources such as
    Northwest Industrial Exposition. “Spokane Falls and Her Natural Resources.” Ephemera Collection, Eastern Washington State Historical Society, Northwest Museum of Arts and Culture, Spokane, WA, 1890.
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  • Notice of termination of tenancy addressed to B. M. Miller and Beulah Miller, doing business as Miller-Dervant. It requires them to quit the premises located at No. 209-211 Post Street, Spokane, Washington, by December 31, 1933, with the intention to terminate the tenancy. The document is dated in Spokane, Washington, on the fifth day of December 1933. It includes text from Arthur D. Jones & Co., Real Estate & Insurance, and is signed by an owner named Thomas.
    Northwestern and Pacific Hypotheekbank. “Termination of Tenancy.” Miller-Dervant Company Records, 1896-1955. Eastern Washington State Historical Society (Northwest Museum of Arts and Culture), Spokane, WA, December 5, 1933.
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  • A group of men wearing suits and ties are seated on either side of a long dining table, set with plates, cutlery, and floral arrangements in the center. Two women stand in the background by a window. A sign in the lower right corner reads
    Nowell, Frank H. “Spokane Commission Dinner.” Special Collections, University of Washington Libraries, Seattle, WA, May 1909. Accessed August 17, 2025. https://digitalcollections.lib.washington.edu/digital/collection/ayp/id/466.
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  • A person wearing a long white garment standing on what appears to be straw or dry grass. Behind them is a stone structure with ornate carvings, including a face and decorative patterns.
    Owings Studio, Samuel D. “Studio Portrait with Classical Iconography, Detail.” Sutton Family Papers, ca. 1884- ca. 1910. MsSC 131. Eastern Washington State Historical Society (Northwest Museum of Arts and Culture), Spokane, WA, 1910.
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  • Text reading
    Phoenix Lumber Company. “Phoenix Lumber Company Letterhead.” Arcadia Valley Fruit Growers Association Records, 1909-1918. Eastern Washington State Historical Society (Northwest Museum of Arts and Culture), Spokane, WA, October 3, 1918.
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  • Shriner Cecil Walwrath in brown face makeup and pseudo Middle Eastern dress.
    Richards Photography Studio. “Shriner Cecil Walwrath.” Northwest Room, Spokane Public Library, Spokane, Washington, 1945.
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  • A woman in a white dress holds a guitar while seated between an ornate pedestal and a decorative stone. She has flowers pinned to her dress. The background features a blurred natural scene. Text at the bottom reads
    Samuel D. Owings Studio. “Studio Portrait with Classical Iconography.” Sutton Family Papers, ca. 1884- ca. 1910. Eastern Washington State Historical Society (Northwest Museum of Arts and Culture), Spokane, WA, 1910.
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  • Spokane, Washington promotional card featuring a bridge over water with text reading
    Shaw & Borden Company. “City of Sunshine and Power Booster Pamphlet.” Ephemera Business Collection. Eastern Washington State Historical Society, Northwest Museum of Arts and Culture, Spokane, WA, 1907.
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  • A woman dressed in a decorated long dress stands holding hands with a young girl. The woman wears a headband labeled
    Spokane Ad Club. “Miss Spokane and Queen Caroline Testout.” Postcard Collection, Northwest Room, Spokane Public Library, accessed January 24, 2026. https://lange.spokanelibrary.org/items/show/5261.
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  • Big Chief I Bids You Be Merry is written at the top. The central image is of a man wearing a traditional Native American-style headdress and regalia, labeled
    Spokane Ad Club; Spokane Chamber of Commerce. “Big Chief I Bids You Be Merry.” Eastern Washington University Archives, John F. Kennedy Memorial Library, Cheney, WA, 1913.
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  • A flyer with a decorative border featuring a Star of David symbol at the top. The text reads:
    Spokane Athletic Club. “First Annual Minstrel Show.” Marjorie Norman Hawkins Papers, 1913–1968. MsSC 153. Eastern Washington State Historical Society (Northwest Museum of Arts and Culture), Spokane, WA, February 11, 1913.
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  • A woman in a traditional dress stands pointing to a map. Text reads
    Spokane Chamber of Commerce. “The American Wonderland.” Ephemera Collection. Eastern Washington State Historical Society. Northwest Museum of Arts and Culture, Spokane, WA, 1910.
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  • A fabric sack with text and illustrations. The text reads
    Spokane Flour Mills. “Orchard Brand Flour Sack.” Artifacts Collection, Northwest Museum of Arts and Culture, Spokane, WA, 1910.
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  • A cloth flour sack labeled
    Spokane Flour Mills. “Pato Brand Flour Sack.” Artifacts Collection, Eastern Washington State Historical Society. Northwest Museum of Arts and Culture, Spokane, WA, 1910.
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  • A fabric sack with the text
    Spokane Flour Mills. “Tai Chi Company Flour Sack.” Artifacts Collection, Eastern Washington State Historical Society, Northwest Museum of Arts and Culture, Spokane, WA, 1910.
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  • A triangular emblem with a red interior and a black border, containing a large letter
    The 150,000 Club. “Made in Spokane.” Spokane Flour Mill Records, 1903–1948. Eastern Washington State Historical Society (Northwest Museum of Arts and Culture), Spokane, WA, March 31, 1908.
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  • A certificate of identification labeled
    The Fraternal Identification Co. of America. “Charles Woodruff Clarke.” Charles Woodruff Clarke Papers, 1866-1933. Eastern Washington State Historical Society (Northwest Museum of Arts and Culture), Spokane, WA, August 21, 1907.
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  • A depiction of two factory buildings is presented. The top image shows a large multi-story factory labeled as
    The Henderson-Ames Company. “Sixteen Factories in One.” Eastern Washington University Archives, John F. Kennedy Memorial Library, Cheney, WA, 1900.
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  • Five illustrated figures depicting costume ideas. From left to right, top to bottom: a figure labeled
    The Miller-Dervant Company. “Gentleman’s Costumes.” Miller-Dervant Company Records, 1896-1955. MsSC 198, Eastern Washington State Historical Society (Northwest Museum of Arts and Culture), Spokane, WA, 1906.
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  • An illustration of a woman in profile is surrounded by elaborate floral and decorative borders. The text reads:
    The Miller-Dervant Company. “Miller-Dervant Business Card.” Miller-Dervant Company Records, 1896-1955. Eastern Washington State Historical Society (Northwest Museum of Arts and Culture), Spokane, WA, 1905.
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  • Illustration of various people in theatrical costumes forming a circular arrangement. Some figures are sitting, dancing, or interacting with each other. Inside the circle, text reads:
    The Miller-Dervant Company. “We Contract to Makeup and Costume Plays.” Miller-Dervant Company Records, 1896-1955. Eastern Washington State Historical Society (Northwest Museum of Arts and Culture), Spokane, WA, 1906.
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  • A detailed illustration features a large, ornate building with multiple columns and a pointed tower. Several cars and small figures are depicted on the street in front of the building. A map on the right shows the region labeled as
    The Spokesman-Review and Spokane Daily Chronicle. “Spokesman-Review Letterhead.” Spokane Flour Mill Records, 1903–1948. Eastern Washington State Historical Society (Northwest Museum of Arts and Culture), Spokane, WA, November 1, 1936.
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  • A typed letter on letterhead from Northwestern and Pacific Hypotheekbank, dated March 26th, 1898, in Spokane, Washington. It is addressed to Alfred R. Stratton discussing the sale of property and insurance. The letter mentions a $700 insurance policy for a building from June 10th, 1897, to June 10th, 1900, with a premium of $10.50. The recipient is offered the insurance at a proportional rate of $7.90. It is signed by Thomas G. Thomson, Manager.
    Thomson, Thomas G. “Northwestern and Pacific Hypotheekbank Correspondence.” Alfred R. Stratton Papers, 1895–1944. Eastern Washington State Historical Society, Spokane, WA, 1898.
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  • A large group of people gathered outside a two-story building with columns and ornate architecture. Many individuals are in lines, while others form a crowd on the sidewalk. Trees and additional buildings are visible in the background. Several people are riding bicycles or standing with them, and some are dressed in hats and formal clothing.
    Tolman, Thomas White. “Spokane – Parades (#07).” Spokane Public Library, Spokane, WA, August 25, 1905. [Accessed January 24, 2026. https: //lange.spokanelibrary.org/items/show/2810.]
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  • A man with a long beard is holding two large magnets labeled
    Udo Keppler. “The Pull of the Monroe Magnet.” Puck Magazine. Geographicus Rare Antique Maps, August 13, 1913. [Accessed June 15, 2024. https://www.geographicus.com/P/AntiqueMap/monroemagnet-puck-1913.]
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  • An illustration of a windmill with visible blades sits above a detailed drawing of a building and trees. Across the center, there is bold text that reads
    Van der Loeff, Abraham Rutgers. “A. R. Van der Loeff Show Cards.” Spokane Flour Mill Records, 1903–1948. Eastern Washington State Historical Society (Northwest Museum of Arts and Culture), Spokane, WA, April 19, 1910.
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  • An open book with handwritten text and illustrations. The left page reads
    Van der Loeff, Abraham Rutgers. “Diary Entry.” A. Rutgers Van der Loeff Diaries, 1893?–1916. Eastern Washington State Historical Society (Northwest Museum of Arts and Culture), Spokane, WA, 1893.
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  • On the left, a person is seen standing beside what appears to be a horse. On the right, a person is shown looking upward, dressed in a shirt with rolled-up sleeves, with a circular object above them.
    Van der Loeff, Abraham Rutgers. “Sign of the Calling.” Tornado Creek Publications, Spokane, WA, 1935.
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  • A float in a parade pulled by horses. It is decorated with flags and features wooden panels. A banner on the side reads
    Wilkes, H.W. “Phoenix Lumber Company Float.” Medical Lake Heritage Collection, Medical Lake Historical Society, Washington, 1910. [Accessed June 15, 2024. https://washingtonruralheritage.org/cdm/ref/collection/medicallake/id/1.]
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  • An illustration of a river with waterfalls and industrial buildings along the banks. A bridge spans across the river in the background. Text on the image reads
    Windsor, C. “Main Power of the Spokane River.” Inland Northwest Special Collections, Spokane Public Library, Spokane, WA, January 1890.
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  • A detailed cityscape illustration with buildings, roads, and houses spread across a hilly landscape. The foreground features a railway line with a streetcar and scattered houses surrounded by trees. The background shows a densely built urban area. The text at the bottom reads:
    Windsor, C. “View of Cook’s Motor Line from Spokane Heights.” Northwest Room, Spokane Public Library, Spokane, WA, April 1890.
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  • A bearded man with a receding hairline and wearing a suit is seen in profile. His attire includes a vest, a jacket, and a tie. The background is plain.
    Zimmerman, Charles Alfred. “Portrait of James J. Hill.” Minnesota Historical Society, Minnesota Digital Library, St. Paul, Minnesota, 1885. [https: //www.mndigital.org/items/mhs00656.]
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  • The image presents a title page with text in Dutch. The main title reads
    van Hinte, Jacob. “Copyright Page of Nederlanders in Amerika.” Koninklijke Bibliotheek, 1928.
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